The State Archives holds provisional, territorial and state census records for Oregon as well as federal censuses of Oregon. The records are either in the original format or part of the Reference Library as microfilm or publications. Most microfilmed census records are part of the Provisional and Territorial calendared documents - you'll find the document number in parentheses after the listing.
1842
Census of persons living south of the Columbia River taken by Elijah White. (National Archives, Film 234, roll 607, frames 112-119)
1845
Champoic (now Marion) County (Doc. #12194)
Clackamas County (Doc. #12194)
Clatsop County (Doc. #12194)
Tuality (now Washington) County (Doc. #12193)
Yamhill County (Doc. #12193)
1845-1846
Tuality (now Washington) County (Microfilm, Provisional and Territorial Census records and Original)
1846
Yamhill County (abstract) (Doc. #3453)
1849
Apportionment Census (males over 21) (Provisional and Territorial Microfilm, 1842-1859)
Champoeg (now Marion) County (Doc. #1078)
Clackamas County (Doc. #3452)
Clatsop County (Doc. #1080)
Lewis (now Washington State) County (Doc. #1082)
Linn County (Doc. #1082 1/2)
Polk County (Doc. #1079)
Tuality (now Washington) County (Doc. #3451)
Vancouver (now Washington State) County (Doc. #3455)
Yamhill County (Doc. #3454)
Yamhill (includes school census) County. (Doc. #1081)
1850
Washington County (Doc. #3450)
Reference Room Library Publications: Oregon Territory Census; Yamhill County
U.S. Federal Census for Oregon Microfilm: Nonpopulation Schedules (mortality, agriculture, industry, social statistics). (Microfilm); Population Schedule (National Archives film #M432)
1853
Benton County (abstract) (Doc. #5289)
Benton County (Provisional and Territorial Census Records Microfilm, 1842-1859)
Clackamas County (abstract) (Doc. #5288)
Clark County (now Washington State; abstract) (Doc. #5286)
Lane County (abstract) (Doc. #5281)
Linn County (abstract) (Doc. #5283)
Marion County (Doc. #5287)
Polk County (Doc. #5282)
Umpqua (now Douglas) County (Doc. #5285)
Washington County (Doc. #5290)
Yamhill County (abstract) (Doc. #5284)
1854
Clackamas County
Clatsop County (Doc. #5567)
Douglas County (abstract) (Doc. #5568)
Jackson County (Doc. #12281)
Lane County (abstract) (Doc. #5571)
Linn County (abstract) (Doc. #5569)
Marion County (abstract) (Doc. #5572)
Tillamook County (abstract) (Doc. #5570)
Reference Room Library Publications: Benton County (transcribed); Lane County (includes enumeration of inhabitants and agriculture)
1855
Benton County (abstract) (Doc. #7091)
Clackamas County
Coos County (Doc. #6384)
Douglas County (Doc. #6383)
Jackson County (Provisional and Territorial Census Records Microfilm, 1842-1859; and Jackson County Microfilm)
Lane County (Doc. #6385)
Linn County (Doc. #7087)
Marion County (abstract) (Doc. #7089)
Tillamook County (abstract) (Doc. #7088)
Umpqua (now Douglas) County (abstract) (Doc. # 7090)
Yamhill County (Doc. #6333)
1856
Benton County (Doc. #6904)
Benton County (Provisional and Territorial Census Records, Microfilm, 1842-1859; and Benton County records in the Oregon State Archives)
Clackamas County (Doc. #6913)
Clatsop County (Doc. #6909)
Columbia County
Coos County (Doc. #6910)
Curry County (Doc. #6906)
Jackson County (Doc. #6911 and Jackson County Microfilm)
Josephine County (Doc. #6907)
Lane County (Doc. #6908)
Linn County (Doc. #6905)
Marion County (Doc. #6916)
Multnomah County (Doc. #6902)
Polk County (Doc. #6912)
Washington County (Doc. #6914, and Provisional and Territorial Census Records Microfilm, 1842-1859)
Yamhill County (Doc. #6903)
Reference Room Library Publications: Columbia County, Polk County
1857
Benton County
Benton County. (Doc. #7996)
Clackamas County (Doc. #7990; and Clackamas County records)
Clatsop County (Doc. #7989)
Coos County (Doc. #7997 and Provisional and Territorial Census Records Microfilm, 1842-1859)
Curry County (Doc. #7988)
Douglas County (Doc. #7992)
Jackson County (Provisional and Territorial Census Records Microfilm, 1842-1859)
Linn County (Doc. #7995)
Marion County (Doc. #7994)
Multnomah County (Doc. #7998)
Tillamook County (Doc. #7993)
Umpqua (now Douglas) County (Doc. #7991)
Washington County (Doc. #7987)
1858
Benton County
Benton County (abstract) (Doc. #8954)
Clackamas County (abstract) (Doc. #8949)
Clatsop County (abstract) (Doc. #8957)
Coos County (Doc. #14044)
Curry County (abstract) (Doc. #8958)
Jackson County (Provisional and Territorial Census Records Microfilm, 1842-1859)
Lane County (abstract) (Doc. #8953)
Linn County (abstract) (Doc. #8956)
Multnomah County (abstract) (Doc. #8952)
Oregon Territory (abstract by county) (Doc. # 8951)
Tillamook County (abstract) (Doc. #8950)
Umpqua (now Douglas) County (Doc. # 8995 (abstract), #9001, and #12278)
1859
Clatsop County (Doc. #14028)
Umpqua (now Douglas) County (Doc. #12278)
1860
Multnomah County
Yamhill County
Reference Room Library Publications: Benton County; Columbia County; Coos County; Douglas County; Jackson County; Josephine County; Lane County; Marion County; Multnomah County; Tillamook County; Washington County; Yamhill County.
U.S. Federal Census for Oregon Microfilm: Nonpopulation Schedules (mortality, industry, social statistics) (Microfilm); Population Schedule (National Archives film #M653)
1865
Benton County
Columbia County
1870
Umatilla County
Yamhill County
Reference Room Library Publications: Jackson County; Josephine County; Lane County; Marion County; Multnomah County; Polk County; Tillamook County.
U.S. Federal Census for Oregon Microfilm:
Nonpopulation Schedules (mortality, agriculture, industry, social statistics) (Microfilm)
1875
Wasco County (Wasco County Microfilm)
1880
Wasco County
Yamhill County
Reference Room Library Publications: Columbia County; Douglas County; Jackson County; Josephine County; Lake County; Lane County; Marion County; Polk County; Tillamook County; Union County; Wasco County; Washington County; Yamhill County.
U.S. Federal Census for Oregon Microfilm:
Nonpopulation Schedules (agriculture, manufacturers, mortality, defective, dependent and delinquent classes). (Microfilm)
Population Schedule (National Archives film #T9)
Population Soundex (National Archives film #T768)
1885
Linn County (includes enumeration of inhabitants and industrial products)
Reference Room Library Publication: Umatilla County
1890
Schedules of Enumerating Union Veterans and Widows of Union Veterans of the Civil War (National Archives film #M123)
1895
Linn County
Reference Room Library Publications: Marion County; Morrow County
1900
Reference Room Library Publications: Crook County; Curry County; Jackson County; Lane County (index); Lincoln County (index); Yamhill County
U.S. Federal Census for Oregon Microfilm:
Population Schedule (National Archives film #T623)
1905
Baker County (includes enumeration of inhabitants and military enrollment) (Baker County Microfilm)
Lane County (includes enumeration of inhabitants and military enrollment) (Lane County Microfilm)
Linn County (includes enumeration of inhabitants, industrial products, and military enrollment) (Linn County Microfilm)
Marion County (includes enumeration of inhabitants and military enrollment) (Marion County microfilm)
Reference Room Library Publication: Marion County
1910
Reference Room Library Publications: Benton County; Crook County; Jackson County U.S. Federal Census for Oregon Microfilm:
1920
Population Soundex (National Archives film #M1583)
1930
Description of Enumeration Districts (National Archives film T1224)
Native American Censuses
Bureau of Indian Affairs Census Rolls (National Archives film #595)
Grande Ronde, 1885-1892, 1894-1914
Klamath (Klamath, Modoc, Paiute or Snake, and Pit River Indians), 1885-1906
Klamath (Klamath, Modoc, and Yahooskin Band of Paiute or Snake Indians), 1907-1920
Klamath (Klamath, Modoc, Paiute, and Other Indians), 1930-1939
Roseburg (Shasta, Klamath, Pit River, Winta and other Indians), 1915-1917
Sacramento (Indians of Fort Bidwell, Round Valley, and Tule River Reservation and of Modoc County), 1934-1939
Salem (Indians of Grande Ronde and Siletz Reservations, and Non-Reservation Indians), 1933-1939
Salem (Indians of Grande Ronde and Siletz Reservation and Non- Reservation Indians), 1926-1932
Siletz, 1885-1908, 1909-1925
Umatilla (Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla Indians), 1886-1894, 1896, 1898-1905, 1910-1939
Warm Springs (Warm Springs, John Day, Paiute, Tenino, Wasco and Other Indians), 1886-1891, 1895, 1897-1911, 1913-1939